This teaching subjet “discovery”  concerns the Nobel Prizes in Chemistry. It’s done in the form of oral presentations. The student prepares his presentation
by emphasizing the scientific side which led to the Nobel Prize.  He has 20 minutes to summarize the works. The
presentation must contain diagrams and explanations drawing on the scientific
background acquired by the student during the 5 years of study at the
university.
A person or organisation awarded the Nobel Prize is called Nobel
Prize laureate. The word “laureate” refers to being signified by the laurel
wreath. In ancient Greece, laurel wreaths were awarded to victors as a sign of
honour.
Who is Nobel?
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (/noʊˈbɛl/ noh-BEL, Swedish: [ˈǎlfrɛd nʊˈbɛlː] ⓘ; 21 October
1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, engineer,
inventor, businessman, and philanthropist. He
is known for creating dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to
establish the Nobel Prize. He also made several important contributions to
science, holding 355 patents in his lifetime. Nobel's most famous invention
was dynamite, an explosive using nitroglycerin; it
was patented in 1867.
Nobel displayed an early aptitude
for science and learning, particularly in chemistry and languages; he became
fluent in six languages and filed his first patent at the age of 24. He
embarked on many business ventures with his family,
most notably owning the company Bofors, which was an iron and steel producer
that he had developed into a major manufacturer of cannons and other armaments.
Nobel was later inspired to
donate his fortune to the Nobel Prize institution,
which would annually recognize those who "conferred the greatest benefit
to humankind".[1][2] The
synthetic element nobelium was named after him,[3] and
his name and legacy also survives in companies such as Dynamit Nobel and AkzoNobel, which descend from mergers with
companies he founded.
Nobel was elected a member of
the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences, which,
pursuant to his will, would be responsible for choosing the Nobel laureates in physics and in chemistry.
The Nobel Prize in
Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal
Swedish Academy of Sciences to
scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is
one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, who
died in 1896. These prizes are awarded for outstanding contributions in
chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology
or medicine. As dictated by Nobel's
will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and
awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. The first Nobel Prize in
Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus
Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a
medal, a diploma and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the
years.[3] In
1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal
to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. The award is presented in Stockholm at
an annual ceremony on 10 December, the anniversary of Nobel's death.
At least 25 laureates have
received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of organic chemistry,
more than any other field of chemistry Two Nobel Prize laureates in
Chemistry, Germans Richard Kuhn (1938)
and Adolf Butenandt (1939), were not allowed by their government to
accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the
money. Frederick Sanger is one out of three laureates to be awarded the
Nobel Prize twice in the same subject, in 1958 and 1980. John Bardeen, who
was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972, and Karl Barry Sharpless, who won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2001 and 2022,
are the others. Two others have won Nobel Prizes twice, one in chemistry and
one in another subject: Maria Skłodowska-Curie (physics
in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and Linus Pauling (chemistry in 1954, peace
in 1962). As of 2022, the prize has been awarded to 189 individuals,
including eight women (Maria Skłodowska-Curie being the first to be awarded in
1911).
There have been eight years for
which the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was not awarded (1916, 1917, 1919, 1924,
1933, 1940–42). There were also nine years for which the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry was delayed for one year. The Prize was not awarded in 1914, as the
Nobel Committee for Chemistry decided that none of that year's nominations met
the necessary criteria, but was awarded to Theodore William
Richards in 1915 and counted as the
1914 prize.[  This precedent
was followed for the 1918 prize awarded to Fritz Haber in
1919, the 1920 prize awarded to Walther Nernst in
1921, the 1921 prize awarded to Frederick Soddy in
1922,] the 1925 prize
awarded to Richard Zsigmondy in 1926, the 1927 prize awarded to Heinrich Otto Wieland in 1928, the 1938 prize awarded to Richard Kuhn in
1939, the 1943 prize awarded to George de Hevesy in
1944, and the 1944 prize awarded to Otto Hahn in
1945.
In 2020, Ioannidis et al.
reported that half of the Nobel Prizes for science awarded between 1995 and
2017 were clustered in just a few disciplines within their broader
fields. Atomic physics, particle physics, cell biology,
and neuroscience dominated the two subjects outside chemistry, while molecular chemistry was the chief prize-winning discipline in its
domain. Molecular chemists won 5.3% of all science Nobel Prizes during this
period.